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FRESHWATER INVASIVES

Amphibians

Snails

African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) - USGS species profile

STATE AND REGIONAL PLANS

African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) Risk Assessment, Strategic Plan, and Past Management for Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (2021)

LITERATURE

Everts, T., L. van Doorn, T. Adriaens, J. Speybroeck, N. Pardon, M. Morbidelli, S. Neyrinck, J. Auwerx, L. Baeteman, M. Segal, and R. Brys. 2026. Quicklime-based eradication attempt of Xenopus laevis as a model for controlling pondscape invasions. bioRxiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.02.14.705882

Emmenegger EJ, Lavier RA, Struck EJ, Tyurina VP, Eskew EA, Friesen MR, Taylor MA, Bueren EK, Kyle DR, Schultz JM, Pleus A, Visser RH II, Ojala-Barbour R, Anderson CD, Jensen JS, Keller M, Jenkinson TS, Haman KH, Capps TR, Warheit KI, Quinn T, Bush J and MR Lambert. 2025. Invasive African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) in Washington State: status, response efforts, and lessons learned. Front. Amphib. Reptile Sci. 3:1524644. doi: 10.3389/famrs.2025.1524644

American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) - USGS species profile

LITERATURE

Invasive Mussels (Dreissenids, Golden Mussels (Limnoperna fortunei)

Information on invasive mussels can be found on the website, https://www.westerninvasivemussel.org/

Bliss Rapid Snails. Credit: USFWS

Aquatic Invertebrates

Aquatic Plants

Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) - USGS species profile

STATE AND REGIONAL PLANS

Columbia Basin Cooperative Weed Management Area. 2019. Columbia Basin Flowering Rush Management Plan: A regional strategy to address Butomus umbellatus throughout the Columbia Basin. 67pp.

Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) - USGS species profile

STATE AND REGIONAL PLANS

Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) - USGS species profile

STATE AND REGIONAL PLANS

Caulerpa (Caulerpa prolifera) - USGS species profile

NATIONAL PLAN

National Management Plan for the Genus Caulerpa. 2005. Submitted to the Aquatic Nuisance Species Task Force by the Caulerpa Working Group. 135pp.

STATE AND REGIONAL PLANS

Tahoe_Goldfish_(30174960000).jpg

Fishes

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) - USGS species profile

There currently exists no federal, state, regional, or local plans for invasive goldfish.

Photo credit: California Department of Fish and Wildlife from Sacramento, CA, USA, CC BY 2.0, Wikimedia Commons

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Mammals

Nutria (Myocastor coypus) - USGS species profile

STATE AND REGIONAL PLANS

Kendrot. S.R. Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project: Update 2009-2014. Proc. 26th Vert. Pest Conf. UC Davis, pp. 130-134.

LITERATURE

Sheffels, T. 2013. Status of Nutria (Myocastor coypus) Populations in the Pacific Northwest and Development of Associated Control and Management Strategies, with an Emphasis on Metropolitan Habitats" (2013). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 665. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.665

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